Double-Diffusive Effects on the Onset of Rayleigh-Benard Convection of Water-Based Nanofluids

A numerical study on the Rayleigh–Benard convection in a shallow cavity filled with different metal-oxide water-based nanofluids is presented through two-phase model, which accounts for effects of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis, at variable properties temperature. Numerical simulations are executed values average volume fraction nanoparticles, aspect ratios enclosure, as well temperature difference between bottom top walls. It found that dispersion nanoparticle into base fluid increases stability nanofluid layer, determining conditions onset also reference to confinement nanofluid.